Electric submersible pump (ESP) technology has evolved as demands increase for longer service life in harsher applications. ESP strings are stressed by unconventional applications such as ultra-deep offshore wells with pressures in excess of 20,000 pounds per square inch (psi), steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) wells that reach temperatures above 500 F (260 C) and sour wells with corrosive and invasive chemicals. Some wells also experience thousands of decompressions because of heavy bitumen or gassy oils. Such conditions require delicate operating procedures to preserve the pump and motor. Click
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